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<title>Multihull</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multihull</span></span>

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<p>A <b>multihull</b> is a <a href="Boat" title="Boat">boat</a> or <a href="Ship" title="Ship">ship</a> with more than one <a href="Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a>, whereas a vessel with a single hull is a <a href="Monohull" title="Monohull">monohull</a>. The most common multihulls are <a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a> (with two hulls), and <a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimarans</a> (with three hulls). There are other types, with four or more hulls, but such examples are very rare and tend to be specialised for particular functions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multihull_history">Multihull history</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outrigger boat</a> and <a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></div>

<p><a href="Single-outrigger_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger boat">Single-outrigger boats</a>, double-canoes (<a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a>), and double-outrigger boats (<a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimarans</a>) of the <a href="Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> are the direct antecedents of modern multihull vessels. They were developed during the <a href="Austronesian_Expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian Expansion">Austronesian Expansion</a> (c. 3000 to 1500 BC) which allowed Austronesians to colonize <a href="Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">maritime Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a>, <a href="Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, and <a href="Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>. These Austronesian vessels are still widely used today by traditional fishermen in Austronesian regions in maritime Southeast Asia, <a href="Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> and Madagascar; as well as areas they were introduced to by Austronesians in ancient times like in the <a href="East_Africa" title="East Africa">East African</a> coast and in <a href="South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1981_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1981-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beheim_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beheim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hornell1932_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornell1932-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1974_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Greek sources also describe large third-century BC catamarans, one built under the supervision of <a href="Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a>, the <i><a href="Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Casson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another reportedly built by <a href="Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a> of <a href="Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Egypt</a>, the <i><a href="Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-athenaeus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenaeus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-athenaeus2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-athenaeus2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_developers">Modern developers</h3></div>

<p>Modern pioneers of multihull design include <a href="James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">James Wharram</a> (UK), <a href="Derek_Kelsall" title="Derek Kelsall">Derek Kelsall</a> (UK), <a href="Catalac_catamarans" title="Catalac catamarans">Tom Lack</a> (UK), <a href="Lock_Crowther" title="Lock Crowther">Lock Crowther</a> (Aust), Hedly Nicol (Aust), Malcolm Tennant (NZ), Jim Brown (USA), <a href="Arthur_Piver" title="Arthur Piver">Arthur Piver</a> (USA), <a href="Chris_White_(multihull_designer)" title="Chris White (multihull designer)">Chris White</a> (US), <a href="Farrier_Marine" title="Farrier Marine">Ian Farrier</a> (NZ), LOMOcean (NZ), Darren Newton (UK), Jens Quorning (DK) and <a href="Richard_Cooper_Newick" title="Richard Cooper Newick">Dick Newick</a> (USA).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multihull_types">Multihull types</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single-outrigger_("proa")">Single-outrigger ("proa")</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a>, <a href="Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a>, and <a href="Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa (watercraft)</a></div>

<p>A <a href="Single-outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger canoe">single-outrigger canoe</a> is a canoe with a slender outrigger ("ama") attached by two or more struts ("akas"). This craft will normally be propelled by paddles. Single-outrigger canoes that use sails are usually inaccurately referred to by the name "<a href="Proa" title="Proa">proa</a>". While single-outrigger canoes and proas both derive stability from the outrigger, the proa has the greater need of the outrigger to counter the heeling effect of the sail. The outrigger on a proa can either be on the lee or windward side, or in a tacking proa, interchangeable. However, more recently, proas tend to keep the outrigger either to leeward or to wind which means that instead of tacking, a "shunt" is required, whereby the bow becomes the stern, and the stern becomes the bow.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catamaran_(twin-hull)">Catamaran (twin-hull)</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></div>

<p>A catamaran is a vessel with twin hulls. Commercial catamarans began in 17th century England. Separate attempts at steam-powered catamarans were carried out by the middle of the 20th century. However, success required better materials and more developed hydrodynamic technologies. During the second half of the 20th century catamaran designs flourished. Catamaran configurations are used for racing, sailing, tourist and fishing boats.

</p><p>The hulls of a catamaran are typically connected by a bridgedeck, although some simpler cruising catamarans<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> simply have a trampoline stretched between the crossbeams (or "akas").<sup id="cite_ref-dubrovsky2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubrovsky2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small beachable catamarans, such as the <a href="Hobie_Cat" title="Hobie Cat">Hobie Cat</a>, also have only a trampoline between the hulls.

</p><p>Catamarans derive stability from the distance between the hulls—transverse clearance—the greater this distance, the greater the stability.<sup id="cite_ref-Garrett_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrett-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, catamaran hulls are slim, although they may flare above the waterline to give reserve buoyancy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vertical clearance between the design waterplane and the bottom of the bridge deck determines the likelihood of contact with waves. Increased vertical clearance diminishes such contact and increases <a href="Seaworthiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaworthiness">seaworthiness</a>, within limits.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The twin-hull (catamaran) design is effective in enhancing the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wavewalk.com/blog/fishing-kayak-stability/">stability of very small, lightweight and narrow personal boats</a> designed for paddling and powering with portable outboard motors. The 100 lbs (45 kg), 38 inches (96 cm) wide <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wavewalk.com/blog/boat-skiff/">Wavewalk S4 Microskiff</a> catamaran is sufficiently stable to allow for three adult anglers to stand in it and fish in full confidence, and it allows for three adults to stand in it and paddle in full confidence.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trimaran_(double-outrigger)">Trimaran (double-outrigger)</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></div>

<p>A trimaran (or double-outrigger) is a vessel with two outrigger floats attached on either side of a main hull by a crossbeam, wing, or other form of superstructure. They are derived from traditional double-outrigger vessels of maritime Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1981_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1981-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beheim_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beheim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite not being traditionally Polynesian,<sup id="cite_ref-Hornell1932_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornell1932-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1974_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> western trimarans use traditional <a href="Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> terms for the hull (<a href="Vaka_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaka (sailing)"><i>vaka</i></a>), the floats (<a href="Ama_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama (sailing)"><i>ama</i></a>), and connectors (<a href="Aka_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aka (sailing)"><i>aka</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>trimaran</i> is a portmanteau of <i>tri</i> and <i>(cata)maran</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term that is thought to have been coined by <a href="Victor_Tchetchet" title="Victor Tchetchet">Victor Tchetchet</a>, a pioneering modern multihull designer, born in <a href="Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (at that time part of the <a href="Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-mm2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mm2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some trimaran configurations use the outlying hulls to enhance stability and allow for shallow draft, examples include the experimental ship <a href="RV_Triton" title="RV Triton">RV Triton</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="USS_Independence_(LCS-2)" title="USS Independence (LCS-2)"><i>Independence</i></a> class of <a href="Littoral_combat_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral combat ships">littoral combat ships</a> (US).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_and_five_hulls">Four and five hulls</h3></div>

<p>Some multihulls with four (quadrimaran) or five (pentamaran) hulls have been proposed; few have been built.<sup id="cite_ref-qf_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qf-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 a Swiss entrepreneur sought funding<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to build a sail-driven quadrimaran called <i>Manta</i> that would use solar power to scoop plastic from the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Manta</i> was still under development as of the end of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A French manufacturer, Tera-4, produces motor quadrimarans which use aerodynamic lift between the four hulls to promote planing and reduce power consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Design concepts for vessels with two pair of outriggers have been referred to as pentamarans. The design concept comprises a narrow, long hull that cuts through waves. The outriggers then provide the stability that such a narrow hull needs. While the aft sponsons act as trimaran sponsons do, the front sponsons do not touch the water normally; only if the ship rolls to one side do they provide added buoyancy to correct the roll.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="BMT_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="BMT Limited">BMT Group</a>, a shipbuilding and engineering company in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, has proposed a fast <a href="Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ship</a> and a <a href="Yacht" title="Yacht">yacht</a> using this kind of hull.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SWATH_multihulls">SWATH multihulls</h3></div>

<p>Multihull designs may have hull <a href="Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beams</a> that are slimmer at the water surface ("waterplane") than underwater. This arrangement allows good wave-piercing, while keeping a buoyant hydrodynamic hull beneath the waterplane. In a catamaran configuration this is called a <a href="Small-waterplane-area_twin_hull" title="Small-waterplane-area twin hull">small waterplane area twin hull</a>, or SWATH.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While SWATHs are stable in rough seas, they have the drawbacks, compared with other catamarans, of having a deeper draft, being more sensitive to loading, and requiring more power because of their higher underwater surface areas.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triple-hull configurations of small waterplane area craft had been studied, but not built, as of 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2></div>

<p>Each hull of a multihull vessel can be narrower than that of a monohull with the same displacement<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and long, narrow hulls, a multihull typically produces very small bow waves and <a href="Wake_(physics)" title="Wake (physics)">wakes</a>, a consequence of a favorable <a href="Froude_number#Ship_hydrodynamics" title="Froude number">Froude number</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vessels with beamy hulls (typically monohulls) normally create a large bow wave and wake. Such a vessel is limited by its "hull speed", being unable to "climb over" its bow wave unless it changes from displacement mode to planing mode. Vessels with slim hulls (typically multihulls) will normally create no appreciable bow wave to limit their progress.

</p><p>In 1978, 101 years after catamarans like <i><a href="Amaryllis_(catamaran)" title="Amaryllis (catamaran)">Amaryllis</a></i> were banned from <a href="Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">yacht racing</a><sup id="cite_ref-ym_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ym-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spirit_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spirit-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they returned to the sport. This started with the victory of the trimaran <i><a href="Olympus_Photo" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympus Photo">Olympus Photo</a></i>, skippered by Mike Birch in the first <a href="Route_du_Rhum" title="Route du Rhum">Route du Rhum</a>. Thereafter, no open ocean race was won by a monohull. Winning times dropped by 70%, since 1978. Olympus Photo's 23-day 6 hr 58' 35" success dropped to Gitana 11's 7d 17h 19'6", in 2006. Around 2016 the first large wind driven foil-borne racing catamarans were built. These cats rise onto foils and T-foiled rudders only at higher speeds.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sailing_multihulls_and_workboats">Sailing multihulls and workboats</h2></div>

<p>The increasing popularity of catamaran since the 1960s is down to the added space, speed, shallow draft, and lack of heeling underway. The stability of a multihull makes sailing much less tiring for the crew, and is particularly suitable for families. Having no need for ballast for stability, multihulls are much lighter than monohull sailboats; but a multihull's fine hull sections mean that one must take care not to overload the vessel. Powerboats catamarans are increasingly used for racing, cruising and as workboats and fishing boats. Speed, the stable working platform, safety, and added space are the prime advantages for power cats.

</p><p>"The weight of a multihull, of this length, is probably not much more than half the weight of a monohull of the same length and it can be sailed with less crew effort."<sup id="cite_ref-OffshoreHandbook_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OffshoreHandbook-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Racing catamarans and trimarans are popular in France, New Zealand and Australia. Cruising cats are commonest in the Caribbean and Mediterranean (where they form the bulk of the charter business) and Australia. Multihulls are less common in the US, perhaps because their increased beam require wider dock/slips. Smaller multihulls may be collapsible and trailerable, and thus suitable for daybooks and racers. Until the 1960s most multihull sailboats (except for beach cats) were built either by their owners or by boat builders; since then companies have been selling mass-produced boats, of which there are more than 150 models.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="List_of_multihulls" title="List of multihulls">List of multihulls</a></li>

<li><a href="International_C-Class_Catamaran_Championship" title="International C-Class Catamaran Championship">International C-Class Catamaran Championship</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Catamaran_Challenge_Trophy" title="International Catamaran Challenge Trophy">International Catamaran Challenge Trophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Monocat" title="Monocat">Monocat</a></li>

<li><a href="Round_Texel" title="Round Texel">Round Texel</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li>

<li><a href="Turtling_(sailing)" title="Turtling (sailing)">Turtling</a></li>

<li><a href="Trampoline_(multihulls)" title="Trampoline (multihulls)">Trampoline (multihulls)</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dubrovsky, V (2004) Ships with Outriggers, Backbone Publishing Co, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9742019-0-1</bdi></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Mahdi1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMahdi,_Waruno1999" class="citation book cs1">Mahdi, Waruno (1999). "The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean". In Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (eds.). <i>Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts</i>. One World Archaeology. Vol. 34. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>179. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0415100542</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Doran1981-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1981_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1981_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDoran1981" class="citation book cs1">Doran, Edwin B. (1981). <i>Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins</i>. Texas A&M University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780890961070</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Beheim-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beheim_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beheim_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBeheimBell2011" class="citation journal cs1">Beheim, B. A.; Bell, A. V. (23 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158936">"Inheritance, ecology and the evolution of the canoes of east Oceania"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>278</b> (1721): <span class="nowrap">3089–</span>3095. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2011.0060">10.1098/rspb.2011.0060</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158936">3158936</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21345865">21345865</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Hornell1932-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hornell1932_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hornell1932_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHornell1932" class="citation journal cs1">Hornell, James (1932). "Was the Double-Outrigger Known in Polynesia and Micronesia? A Critical Study". <i>The Journal of the Polynesian Society</i>. <b>41</b> (2 (162)): <span class="nowrap">131–</span>143.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Doran1974-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1974_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1974_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDoran1974" class="citation journal cs1">Doran, Edwin Jr. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118071139/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_83_1974/Volume_83,_No._2/Outrigger_ages,_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.,_p_130-140/p1">"Outrigger Ages"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Polynesian Society</i>. <b>83</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">130–</span>140. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_83_1974/Volume_83%2C_No._2/Outrigger_ages%2C_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.%2C_p_130-140/p1">the original</a> on 2020-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Casson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Casson_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCasson1971" class="citation book cs1">Casson, Lionel (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sDpMh0gK2OUC"><i>Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780801851308</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-athenaeus-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-athenaeus_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAthenaeus1854" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Athenaeus" title="Athenaeus">Athenaeus</a> (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV1.p0330&id=Literature.AthV1&isize=L&q1=Callixenus&pview=hide">"V:37"</a>. <i>The Deipnosophists</i>. Vol. I. Translated by <a href="C._D._Yonge" class="mw-redirect" title="C. D. Yonge">C. D. Yonge</a>. <a href="Henry_G._Bohn" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry G. Bohn">Henry G. Bohn</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">324–</span>325. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517103935/https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV1.p0330&id=Literature.AthV1&isize=L&q1=Callixenus&pview=hide">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-athenaeus2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-athenaeus2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAthenaeus" class="citation book cs1">Athenaeus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/old/athenaeus5b.html">"V:37"</a>. <i>The Deipnosophists</i>. Translated by C. D. Yonge. pp. <span class="nowrap">203–</span>204. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101150642/http://www.attalus.org/old/athenaeus5b.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Such as some <a href="James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">Wharram</a> designs</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-dubrovsky2001-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dubrovsky2001_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dubrovsky, V, Laykhovitsky, A (2001) Multi Hull Ships. Backbone Publishing Co. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>97809644311-2-6</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Garrett-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garrett_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett1996" class="citation book cs1">Garrett, Ross (January 1, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VLXORumEF4C&q=catamaran&pg=PA133"><i>The Symmetry of Sailing: The Physics of Sailing for Yachtsmen</i></a>. Sheridan House, Inc. p. 133. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781574090000</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in all the <a href="Catalac_catamarans" title="Catalac catamarans">Catalac</a> designs</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTuckLazauskas1998" class="citation cs2">Tuck, E. O.; Lazauskas, L. (June 11, 1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.amc.edu.au/~psahoo/Research/tl98.pdf">"Optimum Hull Spacing of a Family of Multihulls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Applied Mathematics Department</i>, The University of Adelaide: 38<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-15</span></span></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhite,_Chris.1997" class="citation book cs1">White, Chris. (1997). <i>The cruising multihull</i>. Camden, Me.: International Marine. p. 45. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-07-069868-6</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39033104">39033104</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collins English Dictionary – 2007 – Harper Collins – <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-00-780072-8</bdi></span>

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<li id="cite_note-mm2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mm2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull-maven.com/Designers/Victor_Tchetchet">"Victor Tchetchet"</a>. Multihull Maven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215013524/http://www.multihull-maven.com/Designers/Victor_Tchetchet">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-02</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/FS_Triton.pdf">"Northern Patrol Vessel ACV Triton Fact Sheet Australian Customs Service"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227223623/http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/FS_Triton.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302070526/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4">"US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS"</a>. US Navy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4">the original</a> on 2 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-qf-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qf_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Hockberger2007" class="citation journal cs1">William Hockberger (2007). "Quadrimaran Ferries - High Speed with Shallow Draft". <i>Sage</i>. Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2033-01">10.3141/2033-01</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109720261">109720261</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Müller, Kristina (January 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151011/https://www.yacht.de/aktuell/panorama/ein-quadrimaran-fuer-saubere-meere/a116062.html">"Ein Quadrimaran für saubere Meere"</a>. <i>Yacht Magazin</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yacht.de/aktuell/panorama/ein-quadrimaran-fuer-saubere-meere/a116062.html">the original</a> on 2019-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff (2018-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blick.ch/news/schweiz/erfindungen-mit-einem-quadrimaran-will-ein-schweizer-plastik-aus-dem-meer-holen-id8240306.html">"Mit einem Quadrimaran will Schweizer Plastik aus Meer holen"</a>. <i>Blick</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151000/https://www.blick.ch/news/schweiz/erfindungen-mit-einem-quadrimaran-will-ein-schweizer-plastik-aus-dem-meer-holen-id8240306.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theseacleaners.org/news/the-seacleaners-in-action-retrospective-2023/">"The SeaCleaners | The SeaCleaners in action: retrospective 2023"</a>. <i>The SeaCleaners</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201081345/https://www.theseacleaners.org/news/the-seacleaners-in-action-retrospective-2023/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actunautique.com/2017/04/tera-4-signe-la-vente-de-son-tout-premier-quadrimaran.html">"Tera-4 signe la vente de son tout premier quadrimaran"</a>. <i>ActuNautique.com</i> (in French). April 10, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322151003/http://www.actunautique.com/2017/04/tera-4-signe-la-vente-de-son-tout-premier-quadrimaran.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225125613/http://www.marinetalk.com/articles-marine-companies/art/Five-Hulls-Make-Ships-Faster-64639T.html">"Five Hulls Make Ships Faster"</a>. <i>marinetalk.com</i>. June 21, 1999. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1703904.stm">"In the ocean fast lane"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. December 11, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322115813/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1703904.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2008" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Jack (September 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newatlas.com/project-veloce-130-metre-40-knot-pentamaran-super-yacht/9934/">"Project Veloce - 130 metre 40 knot Pentamaran Super Yacht"</a>. <i>newatlas.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220062819/https://newatlas.com/project-veloce-130-metre-40-knot-pentamaran-super-yacht/9934/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4503686.stm">"Ships power into faster future"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. December 7, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225063754/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4503686.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2015" class="citation book cs1">Misra, Suresh Chandra (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8o_wCgAAQBAJ&q=SWATH&pg=PA230"><i>Design Principles of Ships and Marine Structures</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 474. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781482254471</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKaharl1986" class="citation web cs1">Kaharl, Victoria (May 4, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-05-04-8602010405-story.html">"Ships on Stilts"</a>. <i>chicagotribune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190325020707/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-05-04-8602010405-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDubrovsky2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dubrovsky, V. (2008-08-22). "An example of a triple-hull SWA ship of ultimate longitudinal shift (hull structure mass estimation)". <i>Ships and Offshore Structures</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">263–</span>265. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17445300801989014">10.1080/17445300801989014</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1744-5302">1744-5302</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:110921016">110921016</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most ships (excluding hydrofoils and planing hulls) stay afloat by displacing their weight in water. A multihull can divide that displacement between multiple, narrow hulls. A monohull must be deeper, longer, or wider to displace the same amount of water. A single long, deep hull would be unstable and hard to maneuver, so monohulls are almost always wider than the individual hulls of a multihull vessel.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Froude number of any hull is calculated by <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fn} _{L}={\frac {u}{\sqrt {gL}}},}">

<msub>

</mrow>

</mrow>

</msub>

<mfrac>

<msqrt>

</msqrt>

</mfrac>

</mrow>

</mstyle>

</mrow>

<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fn} _{L}={\frac {u}{\sqrt {gL}}},}</annotation>

</semantics>

</math></span><img src="./0b908323e1474c4d7e0423cbb95789de7dc4433d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:13.766ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fn} _{L}={\frac {u}{\sqrt {gL}}},}" loading="lazy"></span> where <span class="texhtml"><i>u</i></span> is the relative flow velocity between the sea and ship, <span class="texhtml"><i>g</i></span> is in particular the <a href="Gravitational_constant" title="Gravitational constant">acceleration due to gravity</a>, and <span class="texhtml"><i>L</i></span> is the length of the ship at the water line level, or <span class="texhtml"><i>L</i><sub>wl</sub></span> in some notations. It is an important parameter with respect to the ship's <a href="Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>, or resistance, especially in terms of <a href="Wave_making_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Wave making resistance">wave making resistance</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJ.W.J.J.D.S.2001" class="citation cs2">J.W., Park; J.J., Kim; D.S., Kong (2001), Wu, You-Sheng; Zhou, Guo-Jun; Cui, Wei-Cheng (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZHi3uG6ZgpUC"><i>Numerical computation of ship's effective wake and its validation in large cavitation tunnel</i></a>, Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures: Eighth International Symposium - PRADS 2001, vol. 1, Elsevier, p. 1422, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780080539355</bdi></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFInstructors" class="citation web cs1">Instructors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN400/02.07%20Chapter%207.pdf">"Resistance and powering of ships"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>US Naval Academy</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408215122/https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN400/02.07%20Chapter%207.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ym-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ym_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRandy_Thomas1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Randy Thomas (June 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_NOsIXtd14C&dq=%22Jay+Kantola%22&pg=PA84">"Multihulls Discovered: Part 1: Their origins, myths, magic, mana... and caveats that go along with these craft that have evolved from ancient heritage"</a>. <i><a href="Yachting_(magazine)" title="Yachting (magazine)">Yachting</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">84–</span>87<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Spirit-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spirit_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFL._Francis_Herreshoff" class="citation web cs1">L. Francis Herreshoff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080124161749/http://www.ulstc.org/Herreshoff.html">"The Spirit of the Times, November 24, 1877 (reprint)"</a>. Marine Publishing Co., Camden, Maine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulstc.org/Herreshoff.html">the original</a> on 2008-01-24.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-OffshoreHandbook-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OffshoreHandbook_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJim_HowardCharles_J._Doane2000" class="citation book cs1">Jim Howard; Charles J. Doane (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NB4uFQuUlnEC&q=catamaran+cruising+offshore&pg=PA37"><i>Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising</i></a>. Sheridan House. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781574090932</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sailor's Multihull Guide" - 3rd edition</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_Bibliography">References and Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFJim_Howard,_Charles_J._Doane2000" class="citation book cs1">Jim Howard, Charles J. Doane (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NB4uFQuUlnEC"><i>Handbook of offshore cruising: The Dream and Reality of Modern Ocean Cruising</i></a>. Sheridan House, Inc. p. 280. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-57409-093-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFC._A._Marchaj2000" class="citation book cs1">C. A. Marchaj (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYUDAAAACAAJ&q=Aero-hydrodynamics+of+Sailing"><i>Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing</i></a>. Tiller Publishing. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-888671-18-1</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFC._A._Marchaj" class="citation book cs1">C. A. Marchaj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7JIAAAACAAJ&q=Sail+Performance"><i>Sail Performance</i></a>. McGraw Hill. p. 400. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-07-141310-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFC._A._Marchaj" class="citation book cs1">C. A. Marchaj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uLz2IAAACAAJ&q=seaworthiness"><i>Seaworthiness:The Forgotten Factor</i></a>. Tiller Publishing. p. 372. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-888671-09-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGavin_le_Sueur" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Gavin_Le_Sueur" title="Gavin Le Sueur">Gavin le Sueur</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fernhurstbooks.com/books/permalink/15/multihull_seamanship"><i>Multihull Seamanship</i></a>. Fernhurst books. p. 148. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781912177080</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li>Harvey, Derek, Multihulls for Cruising and Racing, Adlard Coles, London 1990, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7136-6414-2</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Multihulls" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Multihulls">Multihulls</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130003139/http://www.mocra-sailing.co.uk/">The Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051202145120/http://www.catamaran.co.uk/main.htm">The UK Catamaran Racing Association</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mycq.org.au/">The Multihull Yacht Club of Queensland (Australia)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726155643/http://www.mycq.org.au/">Archived</a> 2011-07-26 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212060810/http://multihullboatbuilder.org/">Multihull Boatbuilding Information / Community</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull-maven.com">Articles and news on multihulls, profiles of boats, designers, yards, etc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051213013537/http://www.multihull-maven.com/">Archived</a> 2005-12-13 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perspective-design.com/Trimaran-carbon-racing-cruising.html">Multihulls designer & builder</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018102626/http://perspective-design.com/Trimaran-carbon-racing-cruising.html">Archived</a> 2013-10-18 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sailing.org">International Sailing Federation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507144314/http://www.sailing.org/">Archived</a> 2017-05-07 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090515234427/http://www.multihulls-world.com/us/">The multihulls reference magazine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull.com.au">The multihulls reference magazine (Australia)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524165015/http://multihull.com.au/">Archived</a> 2013-05-24 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Austronesian_ships111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Austronesian_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian ships">Austronesian ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_types111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship types</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="Kavalan_people" title="Kavalan people">Kavalan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Mangka</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="Thao_people" title="Thao people">Thao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="Tao_people" title="Tao people">Tao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></li>

<li><a href="Tatara_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatara (ship)">Tatara</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island<br>Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li>

<li>Gubang</li>

<li><a href="Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li>

<li><a href="Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li>

<li><a href="Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li>

<li><a href="Banting_(boat)" title="Banting (boat)">Banting</a></li>

<li><a href="Benawa" title="Benawa">Benawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Cerucuh" title="Cerucuh">Cerucuh</a></li>

<li><a href="Chialoup" title="Chialoup">Chialoup</a></li>

<li>Eloha</li>

<li>Fakatora</li>

<li><a href="Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li>

<li><a href="Golekan" title="Golekan">Golekan</a></li>

<li><a href="Janggolan" title="Janggolan">Janggolan</a></li>

<li><a href="Jellore" title="Jellore">Jellore</a></li>

<li><a href="Jongkong" title="Jongkong">Jongkong</a></li>

<li><a href="Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li>

<li><a href="Jukung_tambangan" title="Jukung tambangan">Jukung tambangan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalulis" title="Kalulis">Kalulis</a></li>

<li><a href="Kelulus" title="Kelulus">Kelulus</a></li>

<li>Kolay</li>

<li>Kolekole</li>

<li><a href="Knabat_bogolu" title="Knabat bogolu">Knabat bogolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Kotta mara</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancang_(ship)" title="Lancang (ship)">Lancang</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Londe" title="Londe">Londe</a></li>

<li><a href="Malangbang" title="Malangbang">Malangbang</a></li>

<li><a href="Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li>

<li><a href="Orembai" title="Orembai">Orembai</a></li>

<li><a href="Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></li>

<li><a href="Paduwang" title="Paduwang">Paduwang</a></li>

<li><a href="Pajala_(boat)" title="Pajala (boat)">Pajala</a></li>

<li><a href="Paledang" title="Paledang">Paledang</a></li>

<li><a href="Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li>

<li>Pangkur</li>

<li><a href="Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li>

<li><a href="Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li>

<li><a href="Pencalang" title="Pencalang">Pencalang</a></li>

<li><a href="Perahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Perahu">Perahu</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lambo_(boat)" title="Lambo (boat)">Lambo</a></li>

<li><a href="Palari_(boat)" title="Palari (boat)">Palari</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandeq" title="Sandeq">Sandeq</a></li>

<li>Sarua</li>

<li>Sekong</li>

<li>Teneh</li>

<li><a href="Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li>

<li><a href="Banting_(boat)" title="Banting (boat)">Banting</a></li>

<li><a href="Bedar_(ship)" title="Bedar (ship)">Bedar</a></li>

<li><a href="Buggoh" title="Buggoh">Buggoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Birau_(boat)" title="Birau (boat)">Birau</a></li>

<li><a href="Cerucuh" title="Cerucuh">Cerucuh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li>

<li><a href="Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li>

<li>Kolek</li>

<li><a href="Lancang_(ship)" title="Lancang (ship)">Lancang</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li>

<li><a href="Pencalang" title="Pencalang">Pencalang</a></li>

<li><a href="Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li>

<li><a href="Perahu_payang" title="Perahu payang">Perahu payang</a></li>

<li>Perahu tambangan</li>

<li><a href="Pinas_(ship)" title="Pinas (ship)">Pinas</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Kabang</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Armadahan" title="Armadahan">Armadahan</a></li>

<li><a href="Avang" title="Avang">Avang</a></li>

<li><a href="Awang_(boat)" title="Awang (boat)">Awang</a></li>

<li><a href="Balaci%C3%B3n" title="Balación">Balación</a></li>

<li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a> (Barangay)</li>

<li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Baloto</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangka_anak-anak" title="Bangka anak-anak">Bangka anak-anak</a></li>

<li><a href="Basnigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Basnigan">Basnigan</a></li>

<li>Batil</li>

<li><a href="Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li>

<li><a href="Birau_(boat)" title="Birau (boat)">Birau</a></li>

<li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Biray</a></li>

<li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Biroko</a> (Birok, Bidok)</li>

<li><a href="Buggoh" title="Buggoh">Buggoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Casco_(barge)" title="Casco (barge)">Casco</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinarem" title="Chinarem">Chinarem</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinedkeran" title="Chinedkeran">Chinedkeran</a></li>

<li>Dinahit</li>

<li><a href="Djenging" title="Djenging">Djenging</a> (Balutu)</li>

<li><a href="Falua" title="Falua">Falua</a></li>

<li><a href="Garay_(ship)" title="Garay (ship)">Garay</a></li>

<li><a href="Guilalo" title="Guilalo">Guilalo</a></li>

<li><a href="Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Junkun" title="Junkun">Junkun</a></li>

<li><a href="Junkung" title="Junkung">Junkung</a></li>

<li><a href="Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kulibo" title="Kulibo">Kulibo</a></li>

<li><a href="Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li>

<li>Lapis</li>

<li><a href="Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a> (Kumpit, Pidlas)</li>

<li><a href="Ontang" title="Ontang">Ontang</a></li>

<li><a href="Owong" title="Owong">Owong</a></li>

<li><a href="Panineman" title="Panineman">Panineman</a></li>

<li>Pasaplap</li>

<li><a href="Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Pangayaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li>

<li><a href="Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Salisipan" title="Salisipan">Salisipan</a></li>

<li>Sapyaw</li>

<li>Seberen</li>

<li>Tapake</li>

<li><a href="Tataya" title="Tataya">Tataya</a></li>

<li><a href="Tempel_(boat)" title="Tempel (boat)">Tempel</a></li>

<li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Tilimbao</a> (Tinimbao)</li>

<li><a href="Tiririt" title="Tiririt">Tiririt</a> (Buti)</li>

<li><a href="Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a> (Dapang, Pilang)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island<br>Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Endrol</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li>

<li><a href="Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Green_Islands_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Green Islands (Papua New Guinea)">Green Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Tsǐne</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lakatoi" title="Lakatoi">Lakatoi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Binabina" title="Binabina">Binabina</a></li>

<li><a href="Lisi_(boat)" title="Lisi (boat)">Lisi</a> (Solima)</li>

<li><a href="Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomako" title="Tomako">Tomako</a> (Mon, Ora)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Angga</li>

<li>Wangga</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Waserak</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baurua" title="Baurua">Baurua</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Korkor_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korkor (boat)">Korkor</a></li>

<li><a href="Tipnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipnol">Tipnol</a></li>

<li><a href="Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Duding</li>

<li>Duduli</li>

<li>Galaideʻ (Agaraide)</li>

<li><a href="Ladjak" title="Ladjak">Ladjak</a></li>

<li>Lelek</li>

<li>Panga</li>

<li><a href="Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a> (Flying proa)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Chugpin</li>

<li>Popow</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Vaka_katea" title="Vaka katea">Vaka katea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="M%C4%81lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mālia">Mālia</a></li>

<li><a href="Wa%CA%BBa_kaulua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waʻa kaulua">Waʻa kaulua</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Marquesas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquesas">Marquesas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Vaka touʻua</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Waka_hourua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka hourua">Waka hourua</a></li>

<li><a href="Waka_t%C4%ABwai" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka tīwai">Waka tīwai</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="%CA%BBalia" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻalia">ʻalia</a></li>

<li><a href="Amatasi" title="Amatasi">Amatasi</a></li>

<li><a href="Fautasi" title="Fautasi">Fautasi</a></li>

<li>Laʻau</li>

<li>Lualua (Foulua)</li>

<li><a href="Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Ivahah</li>

<li><a href="Tipairua" title="Tipairua">Tipairua</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Hamatafua</li>

<li><a href="Kalia_(watercraft)" title="Kalia (watercraft)">Kalia</a></li>

<li>Pōpao</li>

<li><a href="Tongiaki" title="Tongiaki">Tongiaki</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#ffe9ce;"><a href="Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lakana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakana">Lakana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#ffe9ce;"><a href="Sakalava_people" title="Sakalava people">Sakalava</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Laka fiara</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Wa'a kaulua</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_construction_&amp;_sailing111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship construction & sailing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Rigging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja sail</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Hull</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Outrigger" title="Outrigger">Outrigger</a></li>

<li><a href="Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outrigger boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Polynesian_multihull_terminology" title="Polynesian multihull terminology">Polynesian multihull terminology</a></li>

<li><a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fanuankuwel" title="Fanuankuwel">Fanuankuwel</a></li>

<li><a href="Fealofani_Bruun" title="Fealofani Bruun">Fealofani Bruun</a></li>

<li><a href="Hipour" title="Hipour">Hipour</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafe%C5%95oor" title="Kafeŕoor">Kafeŕoor</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">List of Māori waka</a></li>

<li><a href="Makassan_contact_with_Australia" title="Makassan contact with Australia">Makassan contact with Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration canoes</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Marshall Islands stick chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Mau_Piailug" title="Mau Piailug">Mau Piailug</a></li>

<li><a href="Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian navigation</a></li>

<li>Rapwi</li>

<li><i><a href="T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Yap#Navigation" title="Yap">Yapese navigation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Trade_route#Austronesian_maritime_trade_network" title="Trade route">Austronesian maritime trade network</a></li>

<li><a href="Hiri_trade_cycle" title="Hiri trade cycle">Hiri trade cycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapita_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapita Culture">Lapita trade network</a></li>

<li><a href="Lingling-o" title="Lingling-o">Lingling-o</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li>

<li><a href="Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Sepik_Coast_exchange" title="Sepik Coast exchange">Sepik Coast exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li>

<li><a href="Trepanging" title="Trepanging">Trepanging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a> (Butuan boats)</li>

<li><a href="Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Cirebon_shipwreck" title="Cirebon shipwreck">Cirebon shipwreck</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Apilan">Apilan</a></li>

<li><a href="Burulan" title="Burulan">Burulan</a></li>

<li><a href="Daramba" title="Daramba">Daramba</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_replicas111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ship_replica" title="Ship replica">Ship replicas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cook Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Maire Nui</i></li>

<li><i><a href="Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Federated States of Micronesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Halametaw</i></li>

<li><i>Quest</i></li>

<li><i>Sailoam</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">French Polynesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li>

<li><i>Tahiti Nui</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Guam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hawai%CA%BBiloa" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa</a></i></li>

<li><i>Hikianalia</i></li>

<li><i><a href="H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li>

<li><i>Hokualakai</i></li>

<li><i>Iosepa</i></li>

<li><i>Makali'i</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Kalulis" title="Kalulis">Alfred Wallace</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Padewakang#Replica" title="Padewakang">Hati Marege</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Padewakang#Replica" title="Padewakang">Nur Al Marege</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Borobudur_ship#Replica" title="Borobudur ship">Spirit of Majapahit</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Malaysia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Naga_Pelangi" title="Naga Pelangi">Naga Pelangi</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Aotearoa_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotearoa One">Aotearoa One</a></i></li>

<li><i>Haunui</i></li>

<li><i>Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti</i></li>

<li><i>Pūmaiterangi</i></li>

<li><i>Te Aurere</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Balatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Balatik">Balatik</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Diwata ng Lahi</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Lahi ng Maharlika</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Masawa Hong Butuan</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Raya Kolambu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Raya Siyagu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Sultan sin Sulu</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Samoa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<li><a href="Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_seafaring220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ancient_seafaring220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ancient_seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient seafaring">Ancient seafaring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Vessels220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li>

<li><a href="Beden" title="Beden">Beden</a></li>

<li><a href="Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li>

<li><a href="Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a>

<ul><li><a href="Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="K'unlun_po" class="mw-redirect" title="K'unlun po">Kunlun ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Liburna" title="Liburna">Liburna</a></li>

<li><a href="Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li>

<li><a href="Navis_lusoria" title="Navis lusoria">Navis lusoria</a></li>

<li><a href="Obelisk_ship" title="Obelisk ship">Obelisk ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outriggers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">Single-outrigger</a></li>

<li><a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Polyremes

<ul><li><a href="Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li>

<li><a href="Hellenistic-era_warships" title="Hellenistic-era warships">Oared warships</a></li>

<li><a href="Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadrireme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrireme">Quadrireme</a></li>

<li><a href="Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">Quinquereme</a></li>

<li><a href="Hexareme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexareme">Hexareme</a></li>

<li><a href="Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Egyptian_royal_ships" title="Ancient Egyptian royal ships">Solar ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomol" title="Tomol">Tomol</a></li>

<li><i><a href="T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Austronesian_vessels#History" title="Austronesian vessels">Austronesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Persia</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Marine_propulsion" title="Marine propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Paddling" title="Paddling">Paddling</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li>

<li><a href="Towpath" title="Towpath">Towing</a></li>

<li><a href="Poling_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poling (watercraft)">Poling </a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">Cabin</a></li>

<li><a href="Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Boat_building#Construction_materials_and_methods" title="Boat building">Planking</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudder#History_of_the_rudder" title="Rudder">Steering oar</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Sail_components" title="Sail components">Sail components</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li>

<li><a href="Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li>

<li><a href="Nile_boat#Boat_design_/_steering" title="Nile boat">Tiller</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li>

<li><a href="Careening" title="Careening">Careening</a></li>

<li><a href="Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">Carvel built</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">Clinker built</a></li>

<li><a href="Dugout_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Framed_boat" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Framing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Frame-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Frame-first</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques#Shell-first" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Shell-first</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Joinery" title="Joinery">Joinery</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_joints" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenician joints">Phoenician joint</a></li>

<li><a href="Scarf_joint" title="Scarf joint">Scarf joint</a></li>

<li><a href="Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn-plank</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li>

<li>By region:

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_Egyptian_technology#Navigation_and_ship_building" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Egypt</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li>

<li><a href="Settee_(sail)" title="Settee (sail)">Settee</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja</a></li>

<li>Triangular sail</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a></li>

<li><a href="Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li>

<li><a href="Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li>

<li><a href="Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">Corvus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolphin_(weapon)" title="Dolphin (weapon)">Dolphin</a></li>

<li><a href="Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li>

<li><a href="Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Wrecks<br>and relics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_shipwrecks_before_Anno_Domini" title="List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini">Earliest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Dufuna_canoe" title="Dufuna canoe">Dufuna canoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Abydos_boats" title="Abydos boats">Abydos</a></li>

<li><a href="Dokos_shipwreck" title="Dokos shipwreck">Dokos</a></li>

<li><a href="Khufu_ship" title="Khufu ship">Khufu ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferriby_Boats" title="Ferriby Boats">Ferriby Boats</a></li>

<li><a href="Dover_Bronze_Age_Boat" title="Dover Bronze Age Boat">Dover Bronze Age Boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun</a></li>

<li><a href="Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_Gelidonya#Bronze_Age_shipwreck" title="Cape Gelidonya">Cape Gelidonya</a></li>

<li><a href="Zambratija_shipwreck" title="Zambratija shipwreck">Zambratija</a></li>

<li><a href="Wreck_of_Rochelongue" title="Wreck of Rochelongue">Rochelongue</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Pontian boat</li>

<li><a href="Balangay#Butuan_boats" title="Balangay">Butuan boats</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks" title="Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks">Black Sea‎</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sinop_D" title="Sinop D">Sinop D</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kyrenia_(ship)" title="Kyrenia (ship)">Kyrenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Leontophoros" title="Leontophoros">Leontophoros</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Ashkelon_shipwrecks" title="Ashkelon shipwrecks">Ashkelon</a></li>

<li><a href="Antikythera_wreck" title="Antikythera wreck">Antikythera</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canaanite<br> and Phoenician</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">Bajo de la Campana</a></li>

<li><a href="Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite shipwreck</a></li>

<li><a href="Ma'agan_Michael_Ship" title="Ma'agan Michael Ship">Ma'agan Michael</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_shipwrecks_of_Mazarr%C3%B3n" title="Phoenician shipwrecks of Mazarrón">Mazarrón</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Punic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala Punic shipwreck</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Alkedo" title="Alkedo">Alkedo</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Arles_Rh%C3%B4ne_3" title="Arles Rhône 3">Arles Rhône 3</a></li>

<li><a href="Blackfriars_shipwrecks" title="Blackfriars shipwrecks">Blackfriars I</a></li>

<li><a href="Caligula's_Giant_Ship" title="Caligula's Giant Ship">Caligula's Giant Ship</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Ships_of_De_Meern" title="The Ships of De Meern">De Meern ships</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Madrague_de_Giens_(shipwreck)" title="Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)">Madrague de Giens</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Nemi_ships" title="Nemi ships">Nemi ships</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_ship_of_Marausa" title="Roman ship of Marausa">Marausa</a></li>

<li><a href="Yassi_Ada" title="Yassi Ada">Yassi Ada</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hjortspring_boat" title="Hjortspring boat">Hjortspring boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Nydam_Mose#Nydam_boat" title="Nydam Mose">Nydam boat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_oldest_surviving_ships" title="List of oldest surviving ships">Oldest surviving</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_museum_ships" title="List of museum ships">Museum ships</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_surviving_ancient_ships" title="List of surviving ancient ships">Surviving ancient ships</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Navigation,_and_ports_and_harbors220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navigation, and ports and harbors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_cartography" title="History of cartography">Charts</a></li>

<li><a href="Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">Coastal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Swell_(ocean)#Navigation" title="Swell (ocean)">Ocean swell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick chart</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Periplus" title="Periplus">Periplus</a></li>

<li><a href="Piloting" title="Piloting">Piloting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pilot_boat" title="Pilot boat">Pilot boat</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li></ul></li>

<li>By region:

<ul><li><a href="Inuit_navigation" title="Inuit navigation">Inuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Port#Historical_ports" title="Port">Ports</a> and<br>harbors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actium" title="Actium">Actium</a></li>

<li><a href="Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandria_Port" title="Alexandria Port">Alexandria</a></li>

<li><a href="Apollonia_(Cyrenaica)" title="Apollonia (Cyrenaica)">Apollonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Arwad" title="Arwad">Aradus</a></li>

<li><a href="Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a></li>

<li><a href="Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)" title="Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)">Arsinoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Avalites" title="Avalites">Avalites</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbarikon" title="Barbarikon">Barbarikon</a></li>

<li><a href="Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Barygaza</a></li>

<li><a href="Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li>

<li><a href="Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice Troglodytica</a></li>

<li><a href="Bosphorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosphorus">Bosphorus</a></li>

<li><a href="Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li>

<li><a href="Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a></li>

<li><a href="Canopus%2C_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a></li>

<li><a href="Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a></li>

<li><a href="Civitavecchia#History" title="Civitavecchia">Centumcellae</a></li>

<li><a href="Charmutha" title="Charmutha">Charmutha</a></li>

<li><a href="Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li>

<li><a href="Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li>

<li><a href="Essina" title="Essina">Essina</a></li>

<li><a href="Godavaya" title="Godavaya">Godavaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Port_of_Jambukola" title="Port of Jambukola">Jambukola</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li>

<li><a href="Puhar%2C_Mayiladuthurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Puhar, Mayiladuthurai">Kaveri Poompattinam</a></li>

<li><a href="Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li>

<li><a href="Korkai" title="Korkai">Korkai</a></li>

<li><a href="Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Leptis Magna</a></li>

<li><a href="Lothal#Dockyard" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li>

<li><a href="Manthai" title="Manthai">Manthai</a></li>

<li><a href="Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li>

<li><a href="Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li>

<li><a href="Mersa_Gawasis" title="Mersa Gawasis">Mersa Gawasis</a></li>

<li><a href="Myos_Hormos" title="Myos Hormos">Myos Hormos</a></li>

<li><a href="Mottama" title="Mottama">Martaban</a></li>

<li><a href="Chonburi_province" title="Chonburi province">Mueang Phra Rot</a></li>

<li><a href="Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></li>

<li><a href="Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a></li>

<li><a href="Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a></li>

<li><a href="Nisida" title="Nisida">Nesis</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a> (<a href="Cattigara" title="Cattigara">Cattigara</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Opone" title="Opone">Opone</a></li>

<li><a href="Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li>

<li><a href="Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li>

<li><a href="Piraeus#Ancient_and_medieval_times" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li>

<li><a href="Portus" title="Portus">Portus Augusti</a></li>

<li><a href="Pisa#Ancient_times" title="Pisa">Portus Pisanus</a></li>

<li><a href="Prosphorion_Harbour" title="Prosphorion Harbour">Prosphorion</a></li>

<li><a href="Ptolemais_Theron" title="Ptolemais Theron">Ptolemais Theron</a></li>

<li><a href="Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Puteoli</a></li>

<li><a href="Qal'at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a></li>

<li><a href="Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhacotis" title="Rhacotis">Rhacotis</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarapion" title="Sarapion">Sarapion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sathing_Phra_district" title="Sathing Phra district">Satingpra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li>

<li><a href="Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonargaon" title="Sonargaon">Sounagoura</a></li>

<li><a href="Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></li>

<li><a href="Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li>

<li><a href="Tulum" title="Tulum">Tulum</a></li>

<li><a href="Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="History220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Maritime_prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime prehistory">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Maritime_timeline#Prehistory" title="Maritime timeline">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Oceania#Prehistory_of_Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>

<ul><li><a href="Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote</a></li>

<li><a href="Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li>

<li><a href="Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>

<ul><li><a href="Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li>

<li><a href="Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></li>

<li><a href="Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li>

<li><a href="Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalingga_kingdom" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li>

<li><a href="Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom">Sunda</a></li>

<li><a href="Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li>

<li><a href="Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_history_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Somalia</a></li>

<li><a href="Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li>

<li><a href="Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li>

<li><a href="Carthaginian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian civilization">Carthage</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_city-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-states">Greece</a>

<ul><li><a href="Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Migration and<br>exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Peopling_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Australia">Peopling of Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Peopling_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Micronesia">Peopling of Micronesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian Expansion</a></li>

<li><a href="Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_exploration" title="Ocean exploration">Ocean exploration</a></li>

<li>Phoenician maritime expansion

<ul><li><a href="Phoenician%E2%80%93Punic_Sardinia" title="Phoenician–Punic Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li>

<li><a href="Necho_II#Phoenician_expedition" title="Necho II">Circumnavigation of Africa</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pytheas#Voyage_to_Britain" title="Pytheas">Pytheas' voyage to Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Roman circumnavigation of Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mariners and<br>explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Henenu_(high_steward)" title="Henenu (high steward)">Henenu</a></li>

<li><a href="Euthymenes" title="Euthymenes">Euthymenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li>

<li><a href="Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li>

<li><a href="Sataspes" title="Sataspes">Sataspes</a></li>

<li><a href="Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes of Thasos</a></li>

<li><a href="Archias_of_Pella" title="Archias of Pella">Archias of Pella</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li>

<li><a href="Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li>

<li><a href="Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li>

<li><a href="Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a></li>

<li><a href="Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li>

<li><a href="Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus" title="Eudoxus of Cyzicus">Eudoxus of Cyzicus</a></li>

<li><a href="Maes_Titianus" title="Maes Titianus">Maes Titianus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Navies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egyptian</a></li>

<li><a href="Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Achaemenid</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Roman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><b>Mediterranean:</b>   <a href="Battles_of_Alashiya" title="Battles of Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Delta" title="Battle of the Delta">Nile Delta</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Artemisium</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Eurymedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eurymedon">Eurymedon</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Naupactus" title="Battle of Naupactus">Naupactus</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Olpae" title="Battle of Olpae">Olpae</a></li>

<li><a href="Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Syracuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Cynossema" title="Battle of Cynossema">Cynossema</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Arginusae" title="Battle of Arginusae">Arginusae</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Mytilene_(406_BC)" title="Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)">Mytilene</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hellespont">Hellespont</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Echinades</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)" title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)">Salamis II</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Cape_Hermaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Hermaeum">Cape Hermaeum</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Ecnomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ecnomus">Ecnomus</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Chios</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Naulochus" title="Battle of Naulochus">Naulochus</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Mycale" title="Battle of Mycale">Mycale</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a></li>

<li><a href="Grappling_hook" title="Grappling hook">Grappling</a></li>

<li><a href="Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiaries</a></li>

<li><a href="Oared_vessel_tactics" title="Oared vessel tactics">Oared vessels</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailing_ship_tactics" title="Sailing ship tactics">Sailing ships</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek navy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramming" title="Ramming">Ramming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_exploration" title="Chinese exploration">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">India</a>

<ul><li><a href="Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Odisha</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li>South America

<ul><li><a href="Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Rafts</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">Whaling</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">Fishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Egypt</a>

<li><a href="Indo%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Mesopotamia relations">Indo–Mesopotamia relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li>

<li><a href="Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Southeast_Asia#Early_historical_era" title="History of Southeast Asia">Austronesian network</a></li>

<li><a href="Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay</a></li>

<li><a href="Incense_trade_route" title="Incense trade route">Incense trade</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Economy_of_ancient_Greece#Trade" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Greece</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_Greece%E2%80%93Ancient_India_relations#Trade" title="Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations">Greco–Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">shipping</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo–Roman</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Piracy#History" title="Piracy">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Mediterranean piracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ameinias_the_Phocian" title="Ameinias the Phocian">Ameinias the Phocian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_pirates#Piracy_in_the_ancient_world:_pirates_of_Joppa" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_life_and_career_of_Julius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Early life and career of Julius Caesar">Kidnapping of Julius Caesar</a></li>

<li><a href="Pompey's_campaign_against_the_pirates" title="Pompey's campaign against the pirates">Pompey's campaign against the pirates</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Research_and_education220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="David_Blackman" title="David Blackman">David Blackman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a></li>

<li><a href="Fik_Meijer" title="Fik Meijer">Fik Meijer</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Sinclair_Morrison" title="John Sinclair Morrison">John Sinclair Morrison</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Ledyard_Rodgers" title="William Ledyard Rodgers">William L. Rodgers</a></li>

<li><a href="Chester_G._Starr" title="Chester G. Starr">Chester G. Starr</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Yves_Empereur" title="Jean-Yves Empereur">Jean-Yves Empereur</a></li>

<li><a href="Boris_Rankov" title="Boris Rankov">Boris Rankov</a></li>

<li><a href="J._Richard_Steffy" title="J. Richard Steffy">J. Richard Steffy</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li>

<li>Shelley Wachsmann</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br>and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence and fortification</a></li>

<li><a href="Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lighthouse_of_Alexandria" title="Lighthouse of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Marine_art" title="Marine art">Marine art</a></li>

<li><a href="Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Marine navigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_warfare#Mediterranean_Sea" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li>

<li>Maritime temples

<ul><li><a href="Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Temple_of_Poseidon%2C_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></li>

<li><a href="Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temple complex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nusantao_Maritime_Trading_and_Communication_Network" title="Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network">Nusantao network</a></li>

<li><a href="Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas" title="Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas">Phoenician discovery of America</a></li>

<li><a href="Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian theories</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li>

<li><a href="Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li>

<li><a href="Midden#Shells" title="Midden">Shell middens</a></li>

<li><a href="Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burial</a></li>

<li><a href="Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">Tacking</a></li>

<li><a href="Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Qal'at_al-Bahrain" title="Qal'at al-Bahrain">Qal'at al-Bahrain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental<br>archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ship_replica" title="Ship replica">Ship replica</a></li>

<li><a href="Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Heyerdahl expeditions</a>

<li>Austronesian replicas

<ul><li><i><a href="H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Hawai%CA%BBiloa#Canoe" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa canoe</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Balangay#Balangay_Voyage" title="Balangay">Balangay Voyage</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li>Mediterranean

<ul><li><i><a href="Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)">Olympias</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Navis_lusoria#Other_reconstructions" title="Navis lusoria">Regina</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_Ship_Expedition" title="Phoenician Ship Expedition">Phoenician Ship Expedition</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking replicas</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Viking_(replica_Viking_longship)" title="Viking (replica Viking longship)">Viking</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li>Others

<ul><li><a href="Vital_Alsar_Pacific_raft_expeditions" title="Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions">Vital Alsar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ivlia_(ship)" title="Ivlia (ship)"><i>Ivlia</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Abora_(expeditions)" title="Abora (expeditions)">Abora</a></li>

<li><a href="Viracocha_expedition" title="Viracocha expedition">Viracocha</a></li>

<li><a href="Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferriby_Boats#Oakleaf" title="Ferriby Boats">Oakleaf</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferriby_Boats#Morgawr" title="Ferriby Boats">Morgawr</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and <br>conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advisory_Council_on_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology">Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Association_of_Archaeologists" title="European Association of Archaeologists">European Association of Archaeologists</a></li>

<li><a href="Institute_of_Nautical_Archaeology" title="Institute of Nautical Archaeology">Institute of Nautical Archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Congress_of_Maritime_Museums" title="International Congress of Maritime Museums">International Congress of Maritime Museums</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li>

<li><a href="RPM_Nautical_Foundation" title="RPM Nautical Foundation">RPM Nautical Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Society_for_American_Archaeology" title="Society for American Archaeology">Society for American Archaeology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br>memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boat_Museum%2C_Kolkata" title="Boat Museum, Kolkata">Boat Museum, Kolkata</a></li>

<li><a href="Bodrum_Castle#Museum_of_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Giza_Solar_boat_museum" title="Giza Solar boat museum">Giza Solar boat museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_Egyptian_Museum" title="Grand Egyptian Museum">Grand Egyptian Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyrenia_Castle#Shipwreck_museum" title="Kyrenia Castle">Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle</a></li>

<li><a href="Museum_of_Ancient_Seafaring" title="Museum of Ancient Seafaring">Museum of Ancient Seafaring</a></li>

<li><a href="Museum_of_Ancient_Ships%2C_Pisa" title="Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa">Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology">National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology</a></li>

<li>Viking ship museums:

<li><a href="Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Roskilde</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Legend_and_literature220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legend and literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ark_of_bulrushes" title="Ark of bulrushes">Ark of bulrushes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Flood myths</a>

<ul><li><a href="Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Greek</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>Histories</i> (Herodotus)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="On_the_Ocean_(Pytheas)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Ocean (Pytheas)">On the Ocean</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Histories_(Polybius)" title="Histories (Polybius)"><i>Histories</i> (Polybius)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_sailing_vessels_and_rigs89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_sailing_vessels_and_rigs89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> vessels and <a href="Rigging" title="Rigging">rigs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li>

<li><a href="Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sailing rigs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bermuda_rig" title="Bermuda rig">Bermuda rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunter_rig" title="Gunter rig">Gunter rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Ljungstr%C3%B6m_rig" title="Ljungström rig">Ljungström rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square rig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja rig</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="Sailing_rigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing rigs">sailing rigs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barque" title="Barque">Barque</a></li>

<li><a href="Barquentine" title="Barquentine">Barquentine</a></li>

<li><a href="Brigantine" title="Brigantine">Brigantine</a></li>

<li><a href="Catboat" title="Catboat">Catboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">Cutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">Full-rigged ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Jackass-barque" title="Jackass-barque">Jackass-barque</a></li>

<li><a href="Ketch" title="Ketch">Ketch</a></li>

<li><a href="Mistico_(boat)" title="Mistico (boat)">Mistico</a></li>

<li><a href="Schooner" title="Schooner">Schooner</a></li>

<li><a href="Sloop" title="Sloop">Sloop</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="%CA%BBalia" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻalia">ʻalia</a></li>

<li><a href="Amatasi" title="Amatasi">Amatasi</a></li>

<li><a href="Baurua" title="Baurua">Baurua</a></li>

<li><a href="Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li>

<li><a href="Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li>

<li><a href="Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Guilalo" title="Guilalo">Guilalo</a></li>

<li><a href="Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalia_(watercraft)" title="Kalia (watercraft)">Kalia</a></li>

<li><a href="Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Lakatoi" title="Lakatoi">Lakatoi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li>

<li><a href="Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger canoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentamaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamaran">Pentamaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadrimaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrimaran">Quadrimaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li>

<li><a href="Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li>

<li><a href="Tipairua" title="Tipairua">Tipairua</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongiaki" title="Tongiaki">Tongiaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Ungalawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungalawa">Ungalawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaka_katea" title="Vaka katea">Vaka katea</a></li>

<li><a href="Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval and merchant<br><a href="Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a><br>and other vessels <br>(by origin date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li>

<li><a href="Boita" title="Boita">Boita</a></li>

<li><a href="Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a>

<ul><li><a href="Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li>

<li><a href="Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li>

<li><a href="Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadriremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriremes">Quadriremes</a></li>

<li><a href="Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li>

<li><a href="Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mtepe" title="Mtepe">Mtepe</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balinger" title="Balinger">Balinger</a></li>

<li><a href="Benawa" title="Benawa">Benawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li>

<li><a href="Bomb_vessel" title="Bomb vessel">Bomb vessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Knarr" title="Knarr">Knarr</a></li>

<li><a href="Kondura_(ship)" title="Kondura (ship)">Kondura</a></li>

<li><a href="Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li>

<li><a href="Malangbang" title="Malangbang">Malangbang</a></li>

<li><a href="Shitik" title="Shitik">Shitik</a></li>

<li><a href="Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li>

<li><a href="Zabra" title="Zabra">Zabra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carrack" title="Carrack">Carrack</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_treasure_ship" title="Chinese treasure ship">Chinese treasure ship</a></li>

<li><a href="Caravel" title="Caravel">Caravel</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li>

<li><a href="Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Trabaccolo" title="Trabaccolo">Trabaccolo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crommesteven" title="Crommesteven">Crommesteven</a></li>

<li><a href="Galiot" title="Galiot">Galiot</a></li>

<li><a href="Galleon" title="Galleon">Galleon</a></li>

<li><a href="Galleass" title="Galleass">Galleass</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li>

<li><a href="Flyboat" title="Flyboat">Flyboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluyt" title="Fluyt">Fluyt</a></li>

<li><a href="Full-rigged_pinnace" title="Full-rigged pinnace">Full-rigged pinnace</a></li>

<li><a href="Lorcha_(boat)" title="Lorcha (boat)">Lorcha</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchua" title="Manchua">Manchua</a></li>

<li><a href="Panokseon" title="Panokseon">Panokseon</a></li>

<li><a href="Patache" title="Patache">Patache</a></li>

<li><a href="Speronara" title="Speronara">Speronara</a></li>

<li><a href="Square-rigged_caravel" title="Square-rigged caravel">Square-rigged caravel (<i>round</i> or <i>de armada</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Xebec" title="Xebec">Xebec</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bermuda_sloop" title="Bermuda sloop">Bermuda sloop</a></li>

<li><a href="Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li>

<li><a href="Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li>

<li><a href="Galeas" title="Galeas">Galeas</a></li>

<li><a href="Polacca" title="Polacca">Polacca</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bilander" title="Bilander">Bilander</a></li>

<li><a href="Chialoup" title="Chialoup">Chialoup</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinaman_(ship)" title="Chinaman (ship)">Chinaman</a></li>

<li><a href="Baltimore_Clipper" title="Baltimore Clipper">Baltimore Clipper</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Indiaman" title="East Indiaman">East Indiaman</a></li>

<li><a href="Gallivat" title="Gallivat">Gallivat</a></li>

<li><a href="Garay_(ship)" title="Garay (ship)">Garay</a></li>

<li><a href="Gundalow" title="Gundalow">Gundalow</a></li>

<li><a href="Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li>

<li><a href="Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></li>

<li><a href="Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop-of-war</a></li>

<li><a href="Trincadour" title="Trincadour">Trincadour</a></li>

<li><a href="Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">Slave ship</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Indiaman" title="West Indiaman">West Indiaman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blackwall_frigate" title="Blackwall frigate">Blackwall frigate</a></li>

<li><a href="Clipper" title="Clipper">Clipper</a></li>

<li><a href="Down_Easter_(ship)" title="Down Easter (ship)">Down Easter</a></li>

<li><a href="Golekan" title="Golekan">Golekan</a></li>

<li><a href="Iron-hulled_sailing_ship" title="Iron-hulled sailing ship">Iron-hulled sailing ship</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ironclad_warship" title="Ironclad warship">Warship</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Janggolan" title="Janggolan">Janggolan</a></li>

<li><a href="Lambo_(boat)" title="Lambo (boat)">Lambo</a></li>

<li><a href="Palari_(boat)" title="Palari (boat)">Palari</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamar_barge" title="Tamar barge">Tamar</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Country_Ketch" class="mw-redirect" title="West Country Ketch">West Country</a></li>

<li><a href="Windjammer" title="Windjammer">Windjammer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Montagu_whaler" title="Montagu whaler">Montagu whaler</a></li>

<li><a href="Nordic_Folkboat" title="Nordic Folkboat">Nordic Folkboat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fishing vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li>

<li><a href="Barca-longa" title="Barca-longa">Barca-longa</a></li>

<li><a href="Falku%C5%A1a" title="Falkuša">Falkuša</a></li>

<li><a href="Felucca" title="Felucca">Felucca</a></li>

<li><a href="Fifie" title="Fifie">Fifie</a></li>

<li><a href="Gableboat" title="Gableboat">Gableboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li>

<li><a href="Jangada" title="Jangada">Jangada</a></li>

<li><a href="Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li>

<li><a href="Masula_boat" title="Masula boat">Masula</a></li>

<li><a href="Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li>

<li><a href="Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li>

<li><a href="Nordland_(boat)" title="Nordland (boat)">Nordland</a></li>

<li><a href="Sixareen" title="Sixareen">Sixareen</a></li>

<li><a href="Sgoth_Niseach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgoth Niseach">Sgoth</a></li>

<li><a href="Smack_(ship)" title="Smack (ship)">Smack</a></li>

<li><a href="Tartane" title="Tartane">Tartane</a></li>

<li><a href="Well_smack" title="Well smack">Well smack</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dinghy" title="Dinghy">Dinghy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ljungstr%C3%B6m_sailboat" title="Ljungström sailboat">Ljungström sailboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Pocket_cruiser" title="Pocket cruiser">Pocket cruiser</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailing_hydrofoil" title="Sailing hydrofoil">Sailing hydrofoil</a></li>

<li><a href="Sailing_yacht" title="Sailing yacht">Sailing yacht</a></li>

<li><a href="Sportsboat" title="Sportsboat">Sportsboat</a></li>

<li><a href="Trailer_sailer" title="Trailer sailer">Trailer sailer</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">Wharrams</a></li>

<li><a href="Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Yacht" title="Yacht">Yacht</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">Inflatable</a></li>

<li><a href="Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed lug</a></li>

<li><a href="Razee" title="Razee">Razee</a></li>

<li><a href="Treenailed_boat" title="Treenailed boat">Treenailed</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bristol_Channel_pilot_cutter" title="Bristol Channel pilot cutter">Bristol Channel pilot cutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li>

<li><a href="Fusta" title="Fusta">Fusta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mersey_flat" title="Mersey flat">Mersey flat</a></li>

<li><a href="Norfolk_punt" title="Norfolk punt">Norfolk punt</a></li>

<li><a href="Norfolk_wherry" title="Norfolk wherry">Norfolk wherry</a></li>

<li><a href="Pausik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pausik">Pausik</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinnace_(ship's_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">Pinnace (ship's boat)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sneakbox" title="Sneakbox">Sneakbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Thames_sailing_barge" title="Thames sailing barge">Thames sailing barge</a></li>

<li><a href="Wherry" title="Wherry">Wherry</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4288313-1">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Multihull&oldid=1298736175">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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